The Indian Rupee (INR) steadies on Friday. The likely intervention from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to sell the US Dollar (USD) via state-run banks helps contain excess losses. Nonetheless, the USD bids from importers and foreign banks, particularly oil companies, could weigh on the local currency. Additionally, the geopolitical uncertainties and potential US trade tariffs by US President-elect Donald Trump could undermine the INR in the near term.
Looking ahead, traders brace for the US housing data for December later on Friday, including Building Permits and Housing Starts. Also, the US Industrial Production will be published.
The Indian Rupee trades on a flat note on the day. The path of least resistance is to the upside as the USD/INR pair has formed higher highs and higher lows while holding above the key 100-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) on the daily chart. However, the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) reaches overbought territory beyond the 70.00 mark, potentially signalling a temporary weakness or further consolidation in the near term.
In the bullish case, the immediate resistance level emerges at an all-time high of 86.69. A decisive break above the mentioned level potentially draws in some buyers to the 87.00 psychological level.
If bearish momentum continues, the pair might see a drop to 86.30, the low of January 15. Further south, the next downside target to watch is 85.85, the low of January 10, followed by 85.65, the low of January 7.
The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.
Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.
Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.
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