Indian Rupee (INR) trades strongly against the US Dollar (USD) amid a decline in US Treasury bond yields on Tuesday. Moreover, the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) potential aggressive intervention last week lends some support to the Indian Rupee and acts as a headwind for the USD/INR pair. Nonetheless, the higher crude oil prices and escalating geopolitical tension in the Middle East might contribute to the risk-off mood and cap the upside of the Indian Rupee.
India’s markets are closed on Tuesday on account of the Dussehra holidays. Traders will monitor India's Balance of Payments for the second quarter (Q2) on Thursday. Fed officials will not deliver any speeches this week due to the blackout period ahead of the FOMC meeting next week. In the meantime, traders will take cues from the US S&P Global PMI, the preliminary estimate of the US Q3 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the Core Personal Consumption Expenditure Index due later this week.
The Indian Rupee extends its upside against the USD. The USD/INR pair remains well supported above the 83.00 psychological mark despite breaking the low of a prior range. A break below the 83.00 would drag the pair to 82.82 (low of September 12), en route to 82.65 (low of August 4). On the other hand, the immediate upside barrier is the support-turned-resistance at 83.15, followed by a high of October 4 at 83.30, and the all-time high around 83.45. In the meantime, the pair holds above the key 200-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) on the daily chart, which supports further upside for the USD/INR pair in the short term.
The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies in the last 7 days. US Dollar was the weakest against the Euro.
| USD | EUR | GBP | CAD | AUD | JPY | NZD | CHF | |
| USD | -1.21% | -0.44% | 0.42% | -0.29% | 0.00% | 0.69% | -1.13% | |
| EUR | 1.20% | 0.78% | 1.61% | 0.91% | 1.20% | 1.89% | 0.08% | |
| GBP | 0.43% | -0.78% | 0.85% | 0.14% | 0.43% | 1.13% | -0.70% | |
| CAD | -0.43% | -1.65% | -0.87% | -0.72% | -0.43% | 0.27% | -1.57% | |
| AUD | 0.30% | -0.92% | -0.13% | 0.71% | 0.29% | 0.99% | -0.84% | |
| JPY | 0.00% | -1.22% | -0.43% | 0.42% | -0.32% | 0.70% | -1.13% | |
| NZD | -0.70% | -1.93% | -1.14% | -0.29% | -1.01% | -0.71% | -1.86% | |
| CHF | 1.11% | -0.09% | 0.69% | 1.54% | 0.79% | 1.11% | 1.82% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/JPY (quote).
The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.
Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.
Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.
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