The US Dollar (USD) is becoming a minefield as the clear picture for the Greenback is becoming very tainted. The visit from US President Joe Biden in Israel has not played out as the White House wanted to, with an in person meeting with the Jordan Crown Prince Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein cancelled just hours before the US President touched ground in Tel Aviv. Meanwhile, the rate differential between the US is going rouge, but not for good reasons: China and Japan have sold billions of US holdings in September. Amidst all this, the US macroeconomic data points to an economy that is starting to retreat from the best performance, making traders wonder if a recession is coming.
On the data front, traders will focus on the US Federal Reserve (Fed) Chairman Jerome Powell comments at his speech in the New York Economic Club. Where last week a few Fed members suggested the central bank is done hiking, some hawkish comments on Thursday show no unanimity on the current stance from the board, which means that Powell will likely refrain from making bold statements and will leave traders clueless.
The US Dollar is entering the twilight zone where it might start to hurt. The US Dollar Index (DXY) is starting to float, not really breaking out in any upside or downside sense. The fact that the US 10-year rates are starting to hit 5% is a sign on the wall, as often 5% accounts as a psychological barrier where an economy might start to struggle to meet up with its funding needs.
A bounce above the daily trendline from July 18 might still materialise, although this level is starting to slip further away. On the topside, 107.19 is an important level to reach. If this is the case, 109.30 is the next level to watch.
On the downside, the recent resistance at 105.88 did not do a good job supporting any downturn. Instead, look for 105.12 to keep the DXY above 105.00. If that fails to do the trick, 104.33 will be the best level to look for resurgence in US Dollar strength, with the 55-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) as a support level.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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